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PARIS (AFP-Jiji) — Lea had no problems breastfeeding her newborn son when she took him to see an osteopath in Paris, who nonetheless recommended surgery to cut a “too thick” strip of tissue under his tongue.
She said the osteopath indicated that “we don’t really know why, but it’s always better to have it cut.”
The procedure, which is used to treat a condition called “tongue tie” that can make breastfeeding painful, has exploded in popularity in recent years but doctors warn it is often unnecessary, backed by little research and being pushed by for-profit consultants without medical training.
Called a frenotomy, the simple procedure involves snipping the thin band of tissue that connects the bottom of the tongue to the floor of the mouth.
France’s National Academy of Medicine warned last month that this “aggressive and potentially dangerous procedure for newborns and infants” has seen a “spectacular increase” throughout the world.
A 2018 study found that the diagnosis of tongue tie, also known as ankyloglossia, had increased more than tenfold in numerous countries in just a decade.
The increased awareness of the condition propelled a surge in procedures to fix it — a report in Australia found that the number of frenotomies increased by 420% from 2006 to 2016.
The standard procedure, when there is a visible tight band, can be useful when tongue tie is clearly affecting a baby’s ability to feed.
But Lyndsay Fraser, an ear, nose, and throat surgeon in Scotland, warned that there were “potentially significant risks” from a deeper dissection at the tongue’s base to divide posterior tongue tie and that in her opinion it “has no evidence base and should not be routinely offered.”
Fraser told AFP she believed its rising popularity has been driven by mothers finding information on the internet — “often factually incorrect and driven by private industry” — as well as “extreme pressure on mums to breastfeed” and “our inclination as a society to medicalize every difficult aspect of childcare rather than just providing support.”
Many mothers are “disappointed to be told there is no tongue tie and therefore no ‘quick fix’ to the feeding issue,” Fraser said.
“Many will see private practitioners who will then divide a tongue tie for a sum of money.”
Virginie Rigourd, a pediatrician at a Paris hospital, said that osteopaths and breastfeeding counsellors had contributed to the rise in frenotomies.
The website of one French breastfeeding counsellor claims that not having a frenotomy “jeopardizes breastfeeding and the health of both babies and mothers,” offering a €100 ($105) training course on the subject.
“It’s not something new, it’s been going on several years now,” Rigourd said. “It probably started in the United States and Canada and spread.”
“There is a return to breastfeeding but there is also a lack of well-trained staff to inform mothers, so there are also increasing problems” like mothers finding breastfeeding painful, Rigourd added.
Cochrane, a British organization that reviews medical research, found that existing research on the procedure had “serious methodological shortcomings.”
“No study was able to report whether frenotomy led to long-term successful breastfeeding,” Cochrane said.
The Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine, a global organization of doctors, last year lamented the “lack of high-quality evidence-based studies.”
